You’d think the crisp ocean air would be pristine, even far from shore. But alarmingly, scientists have discovered microplastic particles floating thousands of miles from land.
An investigative team from Germany and Norway took air samples along the Norwegian coast up to the remote Arctic. Using specialized equipment aboard a research vessel, they measured plastic particles 12 meters above the sea surface. Their findings, published in Nature Communications, reveal microplastics are ubiquitous – even in the planet’s most isolated polar regions.
Quantifying Plastics in the Marine Atmosphere
Back on shore, the researchers used an advanced technique called pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to identify and quantify different polymer types. This involved thermally degrading the samples and analyzing the gas byproducts.
The results showed a concerning mixture of microplastics. Polyester fibers shed likely from clothing were present in all samples. Tiny tire rubber particles also constituted a major source, worn off from driving and braking. Measured concentrations reached up to 37.5 nanograms (that’s a billionth of a gram!) per cubic meter of air.
Sources Both On Land and Sea
To elucidate the sources, the team conducted air mass back trajectory modeling. Their analyses indicate microplastics originate from direct terrestrial sources as well as re-emission from the ocean itself. Bits of plastic debris floating on the sea surface get ejected back into the air through wave turbulence and bubble bursting.
Chemicals specific to marine coatings were also detected, implicating sea vessels as contributors through painted surfaces weathering in the harsh open ocean environment.
A Complex Picture of Pervasive Plastic
While further research is urgently needed, these unprecedented findings provide initial insight into microplastics circulating through the atmosphere worldwide. From populated coasts to the furthest Arctic reaches, the results reveal a complex portrait of plastic particles aloft across our interconnected oceans.
Ultimately, mitigating this pollution will require reducing plastic waste generation and improving recycling. In the meantime, take a deep breath of seaside air, but be aware you may be inhaling a tiny bit of discarded plastic as well.
FAQs
How small are microplastics?
Microplastics are less than 5 mm in size – smaller than a sesame seed. The ones found in this study were just a few thousandths of a millimeter.
How do microplastics get into the air?
Wave action and bubbles can fling bits of plastic debris from the ocean surface into the air. Rain washes plastic from land into the sea, where it can then be tossed back up. Winds also carry plastics long distances.
Are microplastics only in the oceans?
No, they are transported all over the planet. Plastics have been found in Arctic snow, suggesting they can travel through the atmosphere to remote regions.
What can be done about microplastics?
Preventing plastic waste is key. Individuals can cut down on single-use plastics, while companies and governments need to prioritize sustainability. Better recycling, waste management and reducing plastic production are also important solutions.
ScienceSwitch 