An electromagnetic metasurface refers to a kind of artificial sheet material with sub-wavelength thickness and electromagnetic properties on demand. As shown in the review article given by Capasso et al., metasurfaces could be either structured or not structured with subwavelength-scaled patterns in the horizontal dimensions.
In the electromagnetic theory, metasurfaces could modulate the behaviors of electromagnetic waves through the specific boundary conditions, rather than the constitutive parameters in the three dimensional (3D) space, which is however commonly exploited in natural materials and metamaterials. Sometimes metasurfaces refer to also the two-dimensional counterparts of metamaterials.
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