Big Bang Evolution
A diagram representing the evolution of the Universe, starting with the Big Bang to present day. The red arrow marks the flow of time.| Credit: NASA/GSFC

The age of universe based on the Big Bang theory is approximately 13.8 billion years old and yes, that is which we consider the event that flung the formation of the universe. However, two researches, Saurya Das from the University of Lethbridge in Canada and Ahmed Farag Ali from Egypt’s Benha University, have suggested that the universe has no beginning and it may have existed forever and the Big Bang did not mark the birth of the universe.

The paper, published in Physics Letters B, apparently goes against Einstein, who suggested that the universe exploded outwards from a single, infinitely dense point 13.8 billion years ago.

The claim, which is based on a new model that applies quantum correction terms to complement Einstein’s theory of general relativity, anticipates that the universe originated when an infinitely dense single point, or singularity began to expand in a Big Bang. Some researchers find singularity problematic because it does explain what happened before or at the moment but only explains what happened after the Big Bang.

According to the statement at Phys.org, researchers said the Big Bang singularity is the most serious problem of general relativity because the laws of physics appear to break down there. However, the model they newly proposed can resolve that. Eliminating singularity, their model predicts that the universe has no beginning and it has always existed in quantum potential before collapsing into the Big bang.

Researchers do not apply their quantum correction terms for one specific case in an attempt to eliminate the Big Bang singularity. Their work is based on David Bohm’s idea of replacing classical geodesics (the shortest path between two points on a curved surface) with quantum trajectories.

Using these Bohmian trajectories to an equation developed in the 1950s by physicist Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri at Presidency University in Kolkata, India, Ali and Das derived quantum-corrected Friedmann equations, which describe the expansion and evolution of universe (including the Big Bang) within the context of general relativity.

Their model also takes account of mysterious dark matter and dark energy and also predicts cosmological constant.

The model also describes the universe as being filled with a quantum fluid which might be composed of gravitons—hypothetical massless particles that mediate the force of gravity. If they exist, gravitons are thought to play a key role in a theory of quantum gravity.

“As far as we can see, since different points in the universe never actually converged in the past, it did not have a beginning. It lasted forever. It will also not have an end. In other words, there is no singularity. The universe could have lasted forever. It could have gone through cycles of being small and big.” said Professor Saurya Das in a statement at Metro.

“It is satisfying to note that such straightforward corrections can potentially resolve so many issues at once,” Das said. [Phys.org, TechTimes, One Universe at a Time]

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